COVID-19 has left women, more than men, economically disadvantaged through unemployment, underemployment, lowered incomes, less secure work, greater household and family demands, and the increased risk of domestic violence.

But you will not read about it in any recent budgets. Instead you will read about new (male dominated) construct- ion projects and more work in the electricity and gas industries. And tax cuts, which predominantly benefit the higher income earners and so are of less use to females.

Once, the gender impacts of the budget would have been apparent. Until the first Abbott-Hockey budget in 2014, a statement of budget measures that disproportionately affect women was published at budget time. At times given different names, the first was delivered by the Hawke government in 1984.

In its foreword, Prime Minister Hawke promised that “within the overall economic objectives of the government” the important budget decisions would from then on be made “with full knowledge of their impact on women”.

These women’s budgetary statements shed light on the impact of decisions that might have been thought to have little to do with gender, such as the Hawke government’s reduction of tariffs on imports of clothing, textiles and footwear.

The statement pointed out that two- thirds of the workers in these industries were women and that without special support for retraining (which was given) these women would be disproportionately disadvantaged.

Increasingly, and especially during the Rudd and Gillard governments, the statements made visible the economic impact of women’s greater responsibility for unpaid care work.

At its best, the Women’s Statement improved decisions

Much of the success of this initiative was in raising awareness of the differential impacts of policies on women and men (and on different groups of women and men) which challenged the myth of gender neutral budgets.

Because the gender impact of budget decisions had to be reported within the statements, sometimes these decisions were improved.

Our analysis of each of the statements finds that in the later years they changed their emphasis from an analysis of budget measures to an account of the measures thought to benefit women.

This is unsurprising as governments like to celebrate their achievements. In 2013 the statement was renamed “women’s budget highlights”.

After 2014, the National Foundation of Australian Women has produced its own analysis of the impacts of budget decisions on women each year as has the federal opposition.

While these analyses are crucial for encouraging accountability, they are not a substitute for the government under- taking its own analysis of the gender impacts of its budgets and policies and ensuring they are improved.

Outside analysis isn’t the same

For one thing outside analysts don’t have access to the data treasury has. For another, they produce their reports after decisions have been made.

After the current six-year program of tax cuts was announced in 2018, the Parliamentary Budget Office found that A$92 billion of the $144 billion (64%) was likely to go to men.

The Federal Treasurer at the time Scott Morrison belittled the calculation, saying “ you don’t fill out pink forms and blue forms on your tax return, it doesn’t look at what your gender is any more than it looks at whether you’re left handed or right handed or you barrack for the Sharks or you barrack for the Tigers. “

Rarely have we needed inside analysis more

The COVID-19 pandemic has made the need for gender analyses more apparent. It has increased the care needs of households and demonstrated that the response to these needs, most comm- only by women, is critical to maintaining the economy.

At times, this need has been acknowledged. The capacity of many parents (most typically mothers) to participate in paid work was undermined when child- care centres and schools shut down.

Recognising this, when the childcare centres reopened, fees were cut to zero and places were reserved for children of essential workers. The subsequent rolling back of these measures once again rendered the economic importance of care invisible, with negative gender impacts.

Gender responsive budgeting could make a substantial contribution, documenting the extent to which investment in childcare and other services is more likely to create jobs for women, than spending on construction.

While the current federal government appears uninterested in such change, the tide is turning. Almost half of the 37 countries in the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development now have some form of gender budgeting. The former head of the International Monetary Fund has declared it good budgeting.

Source: The Conversation, 30 Sept 2020 https://theconversation.com/each-budget-used-to-have-a-gender-impact-statement-we-need-it-back-144849

Rhonda Sharp is Emeritus Professor, Justice and Society, University of South Australia[su_spacer size=”10″]

 

 

Monica Costa is Senior Research Fellow in the School of Economics, Curtin University[su_spacer size=”10″]

Siobhan Austen is a Professor in the School of Economics & Finance At Curtin University